Beyond the adsorption capacity of some membranes such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) membranes,2224 the two properly adsorptive techniques available for CKD patients on HD are hemoperfusion (HP) and HDF with on-line ultrafiltrate regeneration (HFR, Hemo-Filtrate-Reinfusion).7,25,26 Although both techniques use a cartridge with an adsorbent material, HP requires the sorbent to be highly biocompatible, as there is direct contact of the adsorbent with blood cells, which historically has limited its use.2628 In contrast, HFR uses a dual-chamber dialyzer plus an adsorbent cartridge (Fig
doi:10.1182/blood-2006-08-042531
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