As GLP-1s become more ubiquitous, leading many to scramble after insurance rejections, both manufacturers are looking to draw in more customers who either prefer to avoid a needle or were unable to swing the out-of-pocket price
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1627909 Received 13 May 2025 Accepted 07 October 2025 Published 23 October 2025 Volume 16 - 2025 Edited by Francesc Xavier Guix, Ramon Llull University, Spain Reviewed by Anu Grover, Mangrove Creations LLP, India Adriyan Pramono, Diponegoro University, Indonesia Updates Copyright 2025 Ghobar, Tarhini, Osman, Sbeih, Ghayda, Matar, Haddad, Kanaan, Eid, Azar, Ghadieh and Harb
Abbreviations ESKD: End-stage kidney disease GLP-1 RA: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist HF: Heart failure ICER: Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio MI: Myocardial infarction NDSS: National Diabetes Services Scheme QALY: Quality-adjusted life year SGLT2i: Sodiumglucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor References McGuire DK, Shih WJ, Cosentino F et al (2021) Association of SGLT2 inhibitors with cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis
For athletes, biohackers, and anyone serious about optimizing recovery from injury, BPC-157 is worth understanding and (if appropriate for your situation) exploring