furthermore, a complex network of signalling involving other receptors enhances the potency and endurance of c-MET downstream signalling Elevated c-MET expression/amplification has been associated with a poor clinical outcome in patients with gastro-oesophageal tumours, although conflicting reports exist with respect to a prognostic role of c-MET in colorectal cancer Structural studies of HGF and c-MET have yielded important results that paved the way for the development of anti-HGF and anti-c-MET monoclonal antibodies and specific or nonspecific c-MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors In contrast to the initial phase II studies, the phase III trials failed to show any clinical benefit from anti-HGF or anti-c-MET therapies in gastrointestinal tumours, even in patients with c-MET-positive disease Additional biomarkers should be sought, using techniques such as MET RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) and MET single/double silver ISH and 'omics'-based approaches to identify patients that are likely to derive maximal benefits from anti-HGF/c-MET therapies Abstract Data from many preclinical studies, including those using cellular models of colorectal, gastric, gastro-oesophageal and gastro-oesophageal junction cancers, indicate that the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-MET) pathway is vital for the growth, survival and invasive potential of gastrointestinal cancers
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