They found that exposure to Ag NPs leads to NP agglomeration, resulting in compromised membrane integrity and decreased cell viability in all three cell types, but the effect was stronger in HUVEC and EA.hy926 cells than in HBEC5i cells (Fig
Glutathione buffering capacity is likewise substrate-dependent, and amino acid pools supporting redox defense intersect directly with anabolic maintenance [111]
278,279 Lifestyle interventions, particularly aerobic exercise, have also demonstrated benefits in enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis and function, offering a non-pharmacological approach to managing DPN (Fig
Animal studies show increased lifespan with NDGA supplementation due to its ability to reduce oxidative damage, support healthy cellular metabolism, and modulate stress responses, potentially delaying age-related diseases